Фрагменты документации из OS (Python)

Здесь можно посмотреть распечатки dir() help() модуля os, os.sys, os.system, os.path ... Библиотека разветвленная, а времени на нее никогда не хватает. Так что просматривать этот пост надо бы при каждом удобном сучае.

In []:

[15.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces](https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.pathsep)
[10.1. os.path — Common pathname manipulations](https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.path.html#module-os.path)

In [1]:

import os

In [2]:

dir(os)

Out[2]:

['F_OK',
 'O_APPEND',
 'O_BINARY',
 'O_CREAT',
 'O_EXCL',
 'O_NOINHERIT',
 'O_RANDOM',
 'O_RDONLY',
 'O_RDWR',
 'O_SEQUENTIAL',
 'O_SHORT_LIVED',
 'O_TEMPORARY',
 'O_TEXT',
 'O_TRUNC',
 'O_WRONLY',
 'P_DETACH',
 'P_NOWAIT',
 'P_NOWAITO',
 'P_OVERLAY',
 'P_WAIT',
 'R_OK',
 'SEEK_CUR',
 'SEEK_END',
 'SEEK_SET',
 'TMP_MAX',
 'UserDict',
 'W_OK',
 'X_OK',
 '_Environ',
 '__all__',
 '__builtins__',
 '__doc__',
 '__file__',
 '__name__',
 '__package__',
 '_copy_reg',
 '_execvpe',
 '_exists',
 '_exit',
 '_get_exports_list',
 '_make_stat_result',
 '_make_statvfs_result',
 '_pickle_stat_result',
 '_pickle_statvfs_result',
 'abort',
 'access',
 'altsep',
 'chdir',
 'chmod',
 'close',
 'closerange',
 'curdir',
 'defpath',
 'devnull',
 'dup',
 'dup2',
 'environ',
 'errno',
 'error',
 'execl',
 'execle',
 'execlp',
 'execlpe',
 'execv',
 'execve',
 'execvp',
 'execvpe',
 'extsep',
 'fdopen',
 'fstat',
 'fsync',
 'getcwd',
 'getcwdu',
 'getenv',
 'getpid',
 'isatty',
 'kill',
 'linesep',
 'listdir',
 'lseek',
 'lstat',
 'makedirs',
 'mkdir',
 'name',
 'open',
 'pardir',
 'path',
 'pathsep',
 'pipe',
 'popen',
 'popen2',
 'popen3',
 'popen4',
 'putenv',
 'read',
 'remove',
 'removedirs',
 'rename',
 'renames',
 'rmdir',
 'sep',
 'spawnl',
 'spawnle',
 'spawnv',
 'spawnve',
 'startfile',
 'stat',
 'stat_float_times',
 'stat_result',
 'statvfs_result',
 'strerror',
 'sys',
 'system',
 'tempnam',
 'times',
 'tmpfile',
 'tmpnam',
 'umask',
 'unlink',
 'unsetenv',
 'urandom',
 'utime',
 'waitpid',
 'walk',
 'write']

In [3]:

dir(os.sys)

Out[3]:

['__displayhook__',
 '__doc__',
 '__excepthook__',
 '__name__',
 '__package__',
 '__stderr__',
 '__stdin__',
 '__stdout__',
 '_clear_type_cache',
 '_current_frames',
 '_getframe',
 '_mercurial',
 'api_version',
 'argv',
 'builtin_module_names',
 'byteorder',
 'call_tracing',
 'callstats',
 'copyright',
 'displayhook',
 'dllhandle',
 'dont_write_bytecode',
 'exc_clear',
 'exc_info',
 'exc_type',
 'excepthook',
 'exec_prefix',
 'executable',
 'exit',
 'exitfunc',
 'flags',
 'float_info',
 'float_repr_style',
 'getcheckinterval',
 'getdefaultencoding',
 'getfilesystemencoding',
 'getprofile',
 'getrecursionlimit',
 'getrefcount',
 'getsizeof',
 'gettrace',
 'getwindowsversion',
 'hexversion',
 'long_info',
 'maxint',
 'maxsize',
 'maxunicode',
 'meta_path',
 'modules',
 'path',
 'path_hooks',
 'path_importer_cache',
 'platform',
 'prefix',
 'ps1',
 'ps2',
 'ps3',
 'py3kwarning',
 'setcheckinterval',
 'setprofile',
 'setrecursionlimit',
 'settrace',
 'stderr',
 'stdin',
 'stdout',
 'subversion',
 'version',
 'version_info',
 'warnoptions',
 'winver']

In [4]:

dir(os.system)

Out[4]:

['__call__',
 '__class__',
 '__cmp__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__doc__',
 '__eq__',
 '__format__',
 '__ge__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__gt__',
 '__hash__',
 '__init__',
 '__le__',
 '__lt__',
 '__module__',
 '__name__',
 '__ne__',
 '__new__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__self__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__']

In [5]:

dir(os.SEEK_SET)

Out[5]:

['__abs__',
 '__add__',
 '__and__',
 '__class__',
 '__cmp__',
 '__coerce__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__div__',
 '__divmod__',
 '__doc__',
 '__float__',
 '__floordiv__',
 '__format__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__getnewargs__',
 '__hash__',
 '__hex__',
 '__index__',
 '__init__',
 '__int__',
 '__invert__',
 '__long__',
 '__lshift__',
 '__mod__',
 '__mul__',
 '__neg__',
 '__new__',
 '__nonzero__',
 '__oct__',
 '__or__',
 '__pos__',
 '__pow__',
 '__radd__',
 '__rand__',
 '__rdiv__',
 '__rdivmod__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__rfloordiv__',
 '__rlshift__',
 '__rmod__',
 '__rmul__',
 '__ror__',
 '__rpow__',
 '__rrshift__',
 '__rshift__',
 '__rsub__',
 '__rtruediv__',
 '__rxor__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__sub__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 '__truediv__',
 '__trunc__',
 '__xor__',
 'bit_length',
 'conjugate',
 'denominator',
 'imag',
 'numerator',
 'real']

In [6]:

dir(os.path)

Out[6]:

['__all__',
 '__builtins__',
 '__doc__',
 '__file__',
 '__name__',
 '__package__',
 '_abspath_split',
 '_getfullpathname',
 'abspath',
 'altsep',
 'basename',
 'commonprefix',
 'curdir',
 'defpath',
 'devnull',
 'dirname',
 'exists',
 'expanduser',
 'expandvars',
 'extsep',
 'genericpath',
 'getatime',
 'getctime',
 'getmtime',
 'getsize',
 'isabs',
 'isdir',
 'isfile',
 'islink',
 'ismount',
 'join',
 'lexists',
 'normcase',
 'normpath',
 'os',
 'pardir',
 'pathsep',
 'realpath',
 'relpath',
 'sep',
 'split',
 'splitdrive',
 'splitext',
 'splitunc',
 'stat',
 'supports_unicode_filenames',
 'sys',
 'walk',
 'warnings']

In [7]:

help(os.path)

Help on module ntpath:

NAME
    ntpath - Common pathname manipulations, WindowsNT/95 version.

FILE
    c:\users\kiss\anaconda\lib\ntpath.py

DESCRIPTION
    Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to this
    module as os.path.

FUNCTIONS
    abspath(path)
        Return the absolute version of a path.
    
    basename(p)
        Returns the final component of a pathname
    
    commonprefix(m)
        Given a list of pathnames, returns the longest common leading component
    
    dirname(p)
        Returns the directory component of a pathname
    
    exists(path)
        Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links
    
    expanduser(path)
        Expand ~ and ~user constructs.
        
        If user or $HOME is unknown, do nothing.
    
    expandvars(path)
        Expand shell variables of the forms $var, ${var} and %var%.
        
        Unknown variables are left unchanged.
    
    getatime(filename)
        Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().
    
    getctime(filename)
        Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().
    
    getmtime(filename)
        Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().
    
    getsize(filename)
        Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().
    
    isabs(s)
        Test whether a path is absolute
    
    isdir = _isdir(...)
        Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.
    
    isfile(path)
        Test whether a path is a regular file
    
    islink(path)
        Test for symbolic link.
        On WindowsNT/95 and OS/2 always returns false
    
    ismount(path)
        Test whether a path is a mount point (defined as root of drive)
    
    join(a, *p)
        Join two or more pathname components, inserting "\" as needed.
        If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components
        will be discarded.
    
    lexists = exists(path)
        Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links
    
    normcase(s)
        Normalize case of pathname.
        
        Makes all characters lowercase and all slashes into backslashes.
    
    normpath(path)
        Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc.
    
    realpath = abspath(path)
        Return the absolute version of a path.
    
    relpath(path, start='.')
        Return a relative version of a path
    
    split(p)
        Split a pathname.
        
        Return tuple (head, tail) where tail is everything after the final slash.
        Either part may be empty.
    
    splitdrive(p)
        Split a pathname into drive and path specifiers. Returns a 2-tuple
        "(drive,path)";  either part may be empty
    
    splitext(p)
        Split the extension from a pathname.
        
        Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring
        leading dots.  Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.
    
    splitunc(p)
        Split a pathname into UNC mount point and relative path specifiers.
        
        Return a 2-tuple (unc, rest); either part may be empty.
        If unc is not empty, it has the form '//host/mount' (or similar
        using backslashes).  unc+rest is always the input path.
        Paths containing drive letters never have an UNC part.
    
    walk(top, func, arg)
        Directory tree walk with callback function.
        
        For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
        itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), call func(arg, dirname, fnames).
        dirname is the name of the directory, and fnames a list of the names of
        the files and subdirectories in dirname (excluding '.' and '..').  func
        may modify the fnames list in-place (e.g. via del or slice assignment),
        and walk will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in
        fnames; this can be used to implement a filter, or to impose a specific
        order of visiting.  No semantics are defined for, or required of, arg,
        beyond that arg is always passed to func.  It can be used, e.g., to pass
        a filename pattern, or a mutable object designed to accumulate
        statistics.  Passing None for arg is common.

DATA
    __all__ = ['normcase', 'isabs', 'join', 'splitdrive', 'split', 'splite...
    altsep = '/'
    curdir = '.'
    defpath = r'.;C:\bin'
    devnull = 'nul'
    extsep = '.'
    pardir = '..'
    pathsep = ';'
    sep = r'\'
    supports_unicode_filenames = True

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