Что изучать wget или curl?

Wget - в Википедии ругают за медленное развитие, ... и менеджер закачек Wget я не смог найти... А на Curl сейчас базируются многие библиотеки. Здесь я пытался их сравнить и распечатал краткие справки (wget -h ...) Здесь еще 15 ссылок... 5 из них по другой теме "Как анализировать и пробовать заголовки"

wget gnu.org
Frequently Asked Questions About GNU Wget
Примеры и ссылки в Wikipedia
man wget - руководство GNU Wget
Gwget it's a download manager for the Gnome Desktop

Curl - обертка для мощной библиотеки¶

Linux and Unix curl command
Using cURL to automate HTTP jobs
curl.haxx.se
cURL > Documentation Index
CURL wikipedia
перевод документации библиотеки libcurl
List Of Related Tools
curl.1 the man page

Как анализировать и пробовать заголовки¶

hurl.it
curl-loader - web application testingA powerful C-written web application testing and load generating tool. It uses HTTP, FTP and TLS/SSL stacks, simulating tens of thousand users / clients each with own IP-address. The goal is to provide an alternative to Spirent Avalanche and Ixia IxLoad.
getpostman
GUI frontend for cURL for testing an API

Краткая справка Wget¶

In [1]:

!wget -h

GNU Wget 1.13.4, a non-interactive network retriever.

Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...



Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.



Startup:

  -V,  --version           display the version of Wget and exit.

  -h,  --help              print this help.

  -b,  --background        go to background after startup.

  -e,  --execute=COMMAND   execute a `.wgetrc'-style command.



Logging and input file:

  -o,  --output-file=FILE    log messages to FILE.

  -a,  --append-output=FILE  append messages to FILE.

  -d,  --debug               print lots of debugging information.

  -q,  --quiet               quiet (no output).

  -v,  --verbose             be verbose (this is the default).

  -nv, --no-verbose          turn off verboseness, without being quiet.

  -i,  --input-file=FILE     download URLs found in local or external FILE.

  -F,  --force-html          treat input file as HTML.

  -B,  --base=URL            resolves HTML input-file links (-i -F)

                             relative to URL.

       --config=FILE         Specify config file to use.



Download:

  -t,  --tries=NUMBER            set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).

       --retry-connrefused       retry even if connection is refused.

  -O,  --output-document=FILE    write documents to FILE.

  -nc, --no-clobber              skip downloads that would download to

                                 existing files (overwriting them).

  -c,  --continue                resume getting a partially-downloaded file.

       --progress=TYPE           select progress gauge type.

  -N,  --timestamping            don't re-retrieve files unless newer than

                                 local.

  --no-use-server-timestamps     don't set the local file's timestamp by

                                 the one on the server.

  -S,  --server-response         print server response.

       --spider                  don't download anything.

  -T,  --timeout=SECONDS         set all timeout values to SECONDS.

       --dns-timeout=SECS        set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.

       --connect-timeout=SECS    set the connect timeout to SECS.

       --read-timeout=SECS       set the read timeout to SECS.

  -w,  --wait=SECONDS            wait SECONDS between retrievals.

       --waitretry=SECONDS       wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.

       --random-wait             wait from 0.5*WAIT...1.5*WAIT secs between retrievals.

       --no-proxy                explicitly turn off proxy.

  -Q,  --quota=NUMBER            set retrieval quota to NUMBER.

       --bind-address=ADDRESS    bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.

       --limit-rate=RATE         limit download rate to RATE.

       --no-dns-cache            disable caching DNS lookups.

       --restrict-file-names=OS  restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.

       --ignore-case             ignore case when matching files/directories.

  -4,  --inet4-only              connect only to IPv4 addresses.

  -6,  --inet6-only              connect only to IPv6 addresses.

       --prefer-family=FAMILY    connect first to addresses of specified family,

                                 one of IPv6, IPv4, or none.

       --user=USER               set both ftp and http user to USER.

       --password=PASS           set both ftp and http password to PASS.

       --ask-password            prompt for passwords.

       --no-iri                  turn off IRI support.

       --local-encoding=ENC      use ENC as the local encoding for IRIs.

       --remote-encoding=ENC     use ENC as the default remote encoding.

       --unlink                  remove file before clobber.



Directories:

  -nd, --no-directories           don't create directories.

  -x,  --force-directories        force creation of directories.

  -nH, --no-host-directories      don't create host directories.

       --protocol-directories     use protocol name in directories.

  -P,  --directory-prefix=PREFIX  save files to PREFIX/...

       --cut-dirs=NUMBER          ignore NUMBER remote directory components.



HTTP options:

       --http-user=USER        set http user to USER.

       --http-password=PASS    set http password to PASS.

       --no-cache              disallow server-cached data.

       --default-page=NAME     Change the default page name (normally

                               this is `index.html'.).

  -E,  --adjust-extension      save HTML/CSS documents with proper extensions.

       --ignore-length         ignore `Content-Length' header field.

       --header=STRING         insert STRING among the headers.

       --max-redirect          maximum redirections allowed per page.

       --proxy-user=USER       set USER as proxy username.

       --proxy-password=PASS   set PASS as proxy password.

       --referer=URL           include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request.

       --save-headers          save the HTTP headers to file.

  -U,  --user-agent=AGENT      identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.

       --no-http-keep-alive    disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).

       --no-cookies            don't use cookies.

       --load-cookies=FILE     load cookies from FILE before session.

       --save-cookies=FILE     save cookies to FILE after session.

       --keep-session-cookies  load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.

       --post-data=STRING      use the POST method; send STRING as the data.

       --post-file=FILE        use the POST method; send contents of FILE.

       --content-disposition   honor the Content-Disposition header when

                               choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).

       --auth-no-challenge     send Basic HTTP authentication information

                               without first waiting for the server's

                               challenge.



HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:

       --secure-protocol=PR     choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,

                                SSLv3, and TLSv1.

       --no-check-certificate   don't validate the server's certificate.

       --certificate=FILE       client certificate file.

       --certificate-type=TYPE  client certificate type, PEM or DER.

       --private-key=FILE       private key file.

       --private-key-type=TYPE  private key type, PEM or DER.

       --ca-certificate=FILE    file with the bundle of CA's.

       --ca-directory=DIR       directory where hash list of CA's is stored.

       --random-file=FILE       file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.

       --egd-file=FILE          file naming the EGD socket with random data.



FTP options:

       --ftp-user=USER         set ftp user to USER.

       --ftp-password=PASS     set ftp password to PASS.

       --no-remove-listing     don't remove `.listing' files.

       --no-glob               turn off FTP file name globbing.

       --no-passive-ftp        disable the "passive" transfer mode.

       --retr-symlinks         when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).



Recursive download:

  -r,  --recursive          specify recursive download.

  -l,  --level=NUMBER       maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).

       --delete-after       delete files locally after downloading them.

  -k,  --convert-links      make links in downloaded HTML or CSS point to

                            local files.

  -K,  --backup-converted   before converting file X, back up as X.orig.

  -m,  --mirror             shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.

  -p,  --page-requisites    get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.

       --strict-comments    turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.



Recursive accept/reject:

  -A,  --accept=LIST               comma-separated list of accepted extensions.

  -R,  --reject=LIST               comma-separated list of rejected extensions.

  -D,  --domains=LIST              comma-separated list of accepted domains.

       --exclude-domains=LIST      comma-separated list of rejected domains.

       --follow-ftp                follow FTP links from HTML documents.

       --follow-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.

       --ignore-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.

  -H,  --span-hosts                go to foreign hosts when recursive.

  -L,  --relative                  follow relative links only.

  -I,  --include-directories=LIST  list of allowed directories.

  --trust-server-names             use the name specified by the redirection

                                   url last component.

  -X,  --exclude-directories=LIST  list of excluded directories.

  -np, --no-parent                 don't ascend to the parent directory.



Mail bug reports and suggestions to <bug-wget@gnu.org>.

Краткая справка Curl¶

In [2]:

!curl -h

Usage: curl [options...] <url>

Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only

     --anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H)

 -a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)

     --basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)

     --cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)

     --capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)

 -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)

     --cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

     --ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)

     --compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)

 -K, --config FILE   Specify which config file to read

     --connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection

 -C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer offset

 -b, --cookie STRING/FILE  String or file to read cookies from (H)

 -c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to this file after operation (H)

     --create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy

     --crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload

     --crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file

 -d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)

     --data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)

     --data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)

     --data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)

     --delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission

     --digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)

     --disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)

     --disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)

 -D, --dump-header FILE  Write the headers to this file

     --egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)

     --engine ENGINGE  Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list

 -f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)

 -F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

     --form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

     --ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)

     --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)

     --ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)

     --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)

     --ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)

 -P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)

     --ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)

     --ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)

     --ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)

     --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)

     --ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)

 -G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)

 -g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []

 -H, --header LINE   Custom header to pass to server (H)

 -I, --head          Show document info only

 -h, --help          This help text

     --hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)

 -0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)

     --ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header

 -i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)

 -k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)

     --interface INTERFACE  Specify network interface/address to use

 -4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address

 -6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address

 -j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)

     --keepalive-time SECONDS  Interval between keepalive probes

     --key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)

     --key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

     --krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)

     --libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line

     --limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to this rate

 -l, --list-only     List only names of an FTP directory (F)

     --local-port RANGE  Force use of these local port numbers

 -L, --location      Follow redirects (H)

     --location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)

 -M, --manual        Display the full manual

     --mail-from FROM  Mail from this address

     --mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this receiver(s)

     --mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email

     --max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)

     --max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)

 -m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer

     --negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)

 -n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password

     --netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n

     --netrc-file FILE  Set up the netrc filename to use

 -N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream

     --no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection

     --no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)

     --noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy

     --ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)

 -o, --output FILE   Write output to <file> instead of stdout

     --pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)

     --post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)

     --post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)

     --post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)

 -#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar

     --proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable specified protocols

     --proto-redir PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect

 -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port

     --proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)

     --proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)

 -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password

     --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port

 -p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)

     --pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)

 -Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)

     --random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)

 -r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within a range

     --raw           Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)

 -e, --referer       Referer URL (H)

 -J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)

 -O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file

     --remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs

 -R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output

 -X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use

     --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS

     --retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur

     --retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each

     --retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period

 -S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur

 -s, --silent        Silent mode. Don't output anything

     --socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port

     --socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port

     --socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port

     --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy

     --socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi

     --socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server

 -Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs

 -y, --speed-time SECONDS  Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30

     --ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

     --ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

 -2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)

 -3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)

     --ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)

     --stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout

     --tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option

 -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option

     --tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)

 -z, --time-cond TIME  Transfer based on a time condition

 -1, --tlsv1         Use TLSv1 (SSL)

     --trace FILE    Write a debug trace to the given file

     --trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace but without the hex output

     --trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output

     --tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)

 -T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination

     --url URL       URL to work with

 -B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer

 -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password

     --tlsuser USER  TLS username

     --tlspassword STRING TLS password

     --tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default SRP)

 -A, --user-agent STRING  User-Agent to send to server (H)

 -v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative

 -V, --version       Show version number and quit

 -w, --write-out FORMAT  What to output after completion

     --xattr        Store metadata in extended file attributes

 -q                 If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc

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