В книге исключениям посвящены три главы. Здесь заметки при чтении первой и второй... Пока не вижу смысла нырять глубже
Исключения в языке Python – это высокоуровневый инструмент управления потоком выполнения. Они могут возбуждаться интерпретатором или самой программой – в любом из этих случаев их можно игнорировать (что вызовет срабатывание обработчика по умолчанию) или перехватывать с помощью инструкций try (для обработки в своем программном коде).
Инструкция try может использоваться в двух логических разновидностях, которые, начиная с версии Python 2.5, могут комбинироваться – одна разновидность выполняет обработку исключений, а другая выполняет завершающий программный код независимо от того, возникло исключение или нет.
Исключения можно возбуждать вручную, с помощью инструкций raise и assert (как встроенные, так и новые, которые могут создаваться нами в виде классов) – инструкция with/as предоставляет альтернативный способ, гарантирующий выполнение заключительных операций для объектов, которые поддерживают такую возможность.
Обрабатываются исключения четырьмя инструкциями. Эти инструкции мы и будем изучать в данной части книги. Первая из инструкций имеет две разновидности (ниже они перечислены отдельно), а последняя – является дополнительным расширением до выхода версий Python 2.6 и 3.0:
try/except
Перехватывает исключения, возбужденные интерпретатором или вашим программным кодом, и выполняет восстановительные операции.
try/finally
Выполняет заключительные операции независимо от того, возникло исключение или нет.
raise
Дает возможность возбудить исключение программно.
assert
Дает возможность возбудить исключение программно, при выполнении определенного условия.
with/as
Реализует менеджеры контекста в версиях Python 2.6 и 3.0 (в версии 2.5 является дополнительным расширением).
In []:
Пример со стр. 922 из Лутца
In [2]:
def fetcher(obj, index):
return obj[index]
In [3]:
x='spam'
In [4]:
fetcher(x,3)
Out[4]:
'm'
In [5]:
fetcher(x,4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- IndexError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-5-e5cc6c68e231> in <module>() ----> 1 fetcher(x,4) <ipython-input-2-e5ffbb41746c> in fetcher(obj, index) 1 def fetcher(obj, index): ----> 2 return obj[index] IndexError: string index out of range
Если вам требуется избежать реакции на исключение по умолчанию, достаточно просто перехватить исключение, обернув вызов функции инструкцией try:
In [8]:
try:
fetcher(x, 4)
except IndexError: # Перехватывает и обрабатывает исключение
print('got exception')
got exception
На этот раз после того как исключение было перехвачено и обработано, программа продолжила выполнение ниже всей инструкции try – именно поэтому в данном примере было выведено сообщение "I`m continuing... ":
In [10]:
def catcher():
try:
fetcher(x, 4)
except IndexError:
print('got exception')
print('I`m continuing... ')
In [11]:
catcher()
got exception I`m continuing...
Чтобы возбудить исключение вручную, достаточно просто выполнить инструкцию raise. Исключения, определяемые программой, перехватываются точно так же, как и встроенные исключения. Следующий фрагмент, возможно, содержит не самый полезный программный код, когда-либо написанный, но он проясняет вышесказанное:
In [15]:
try:
raise IndexError # Возбуждает исключение вручную
except IndexError:
print('got exception IndexError')
got exception IndexError
Возбудить исключение не из списка исключений нельзя (а где этот список?), вернее при попытке возбуждается исключение NameError:
In [14]:
try:
raise IndexErrorrr # Возбуждает исключение вручную
except IndexErrorrr:
print('got exception IndexErrorrr')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- NameError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-14-b00246df8dc9> in <module>() 1 try: 2 raise IndexErrorrr # Возбуждает исключение вручную ----> 3 except IndexErrorrr: 4 print('got exception IndexErrorrr') NameError: name 'IndexErrorrr' is not defined
Если исключение, определяемое программой, не перехватывается, оно будет передано обработчику исключений по умолчанию, что приведет к завершению программы с выводом стандартного сообщения об ошибке:
In [18]:
raise IndexError
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- IndexError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-18-ef7a68a2d97e> in <module>() ----> 1 raise IndexError IndexError:
И еще раз попытаемся возбудить свое исключение не из списка:
In [19]:
raise IndexErrorrr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- NameError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-19-e149a1847be1> in <module>() ----> 1 raise IndexErrorrr NameError: name 'IndexErrorrr' is not defined
Как будет показано в следующей главе, исключения могут также возбуждаться с помощью инструкции assert – это условная форма инструкции raise, которая используется в основном для отладки в процессе разработки:
In [17]:
assert False, 'Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- AssertionError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-17-d87f5bffcf8f> in <module>() ----> 1 assert False, 'Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!' AssertionError: Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!
Пока не очень понятно, как с ней работать... наверное дальше автор напишет..., раз обещает... А пока он решил взять быка за рога и выдать раздел про пользовательские исключения.
Пользовательские исключения создаются в виде классов¶
Инструкция raise, представленная в предыдущем разделе, возбуждает встроенные исключения, которые определены во встроенной области видимости.
Как вы узнаете далее в этой части книги, вы также можете определять новые исключения для внутренних нужд своих программ.
Пользовательские исключения создаются в виде классов, наследующих один из классов встроенных исключений, – обычно класс с именем Exception.
Исключения на базе классов позволяют сценариям создавать категории исключений, наследовать поведение и добавлять к ним информацию о состоянии:
In [21]:
class Bad(Exception): # Пользовательское исключение
pass
def doomed():
raise Bad() # Возбудит экземпляр исключения
try:
doomed()
except Bad: # Перехватить исключение по имени класса
print('got Bad')
got Bad
В примере выше сначала создаем класс для обработки исключений. Потом вызываем где-то в коде этот класс посредством "raise Bad() " - возбуждаем исключение ... и вот, пожалуйста, теперь можно его перехватывать ....это не втроенное исключение, а свое собственное.
Комбинация try/finally определяет завершающие действия¶
которые всегда выполняются «на выходе», независимо от того, возникло исключение в блоке try или нет, вот пример с x='spam':
In [23]:
try:
fetcher(x, 4)
except IndexError: # Перехватывает и обрабатывает исключение
print('got exception')
finally: # Заключительные операции
print('after fetch')
got exception after fetch
In [24]:
try:
fetcher(x, 3)
except IndexError: # Перехватывает и обрабатывает исключение
print('got exception')
finally: # Заключительные операции
print('after fetch')
after fetch
На практике комбинацию try/except удобно использовать для перехвата и восстановления после исключений, а комбинацию try/finally – в случаях, когда необходимо гарантировать выполнение заключительных действий независимо от того, возникло исключение в блоке try или нет.
Например, комбинацию try/except можно было бы использовать для перехвата ошибок, возникающих в импортированной библиотеке, созданной сторонним разработчиком, а комбинацию try/finally – чтобы гарантировать закрытие файлов и соединений с сервером. Некоторые из таких практических примеров будут показаны далее в этой книге.
Конструкция with/as позволяет в частности закрывать файл при любом исходе (аналог try/finally)¶
Такой подход позволяет сократить объем программного кода, однако он может применяться при работе лишь с некоторыми типами объектов, поэтому конструкция try/finally представляет более универсальный способ, гарантирующий выполнение заключительных операций.
С другой стороны, конструкция with/as способна выполнять начальные операции и поддерживает возможность определять пользовательскую реализацию управления контекстом.
In [25]:
f=[]
with open('C:\\Users\\kiss\\Documents\\GitMyScrapy\\scrapy_xml_1\\XMLFeedSpider\\proxylist.txt') as file: # Всегда закрывает файл
f.append(file.readline()) # при выходе
In [26]:
f
Out[26]:
['https://41.191.253.146:1080\n']
In [30]:
dir(file)
Out[30]:
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__enter__', '__exit__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'close', 'closed', 'encoding', 'errors', 'fileno', 'flush', 'isatty', 'mode', 'name', 'newlines', 'next', 'read', 'readinto', 'readline', 'readlines', 'seek', 'softspace', 'tell', 'truncate', 'write', 'writelines', 'xreadlines']
In [34]:
with open('C:\\Users\\kiss\\Documents\\GitMyScrapy\\scrapy_xml_1\\XMLFeedSpider\\proxylist.txt') as file: # Всегда закрывает файл
f2=file.readlines()
f2
Out[34]:
['https://41.191.253.146:1080\n', 'http://191.103.9.210:8080\n', 'http://191.103.9.209:8080\n', 'https://190.228.175.82:1080\n', 'http://200.61.47.14:3128\n']
In [35]:
dir(f)
Out[35]:
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
In [38]:
print f+f2
['https://41.191.253.146:1080\n', 'http://191.103.9.210:8080\n', 'http://191.103.9.209:8080\n', 'https://190.228.175.82:1080\n', 'http://200.61.47.14:3128\n', ['https://41.191.253.146:1080\n', 'http://191.103.9.210:8080\n', 'http://191.103.9.209:8080\n', 'https://190.228.175.82:1080\n', 'http://200.61.47.14:3128\n'], 'https://41.191.253.146:1080\n', 'http://191.103.9.210:8080\n', 'http://191.103.9.209:8080\n', 'https://190.228.175.82:1080\n', 'http://200.61.47.14:3128\n']
Это мы отвлеклись на эксперименты со списками, вернемся к теме исключений...
Достаточно просто обернуть произвольные участки программы обработчиками исключений¶
и писать эти участки в предположении, что никаких ошибок возникать не будет:
In []:
def doStuff(): # Программный код на языке Python
doFirstThing() # Нас не беспокоят возможные исключения,
doNextThing() # поэтому можно не выполнять проверку
...
doLastThing()
if__name__ == ‘__main__’:
try:
doStuff() # Здесь нас интересуют возможные результаты,
except: # поэтому это единственное место, где нужна проверка
badEnding()
else:
goodEnding
Предложение except без имени исключения – это своего рода шаблонный символ¶
In []:
except: Перехватывает все (остальные) типы исключений.
except name: Перехватывает только указанное исключение.
except name as value: Перехватывает указанное исключение и получает соответствующий экземпляр.
except (name1, name2): Перехватывает любое из перечисленных исключений.
except (name1, name2) as value: Перехватывает любое из перечисленных исключений и получает соответствующий экземпляр.
else: Выполняется, если не было исключений.
finally: Этот блок выполняется всегда.
In []:
try:
action()
except NameError:
... # Обработать исключение NameError
except IndexError:
... # Обработать исключение IndexError
except:
... # Обработать все остальные исключения
else:
... # Обработка случая отсутствия исключений
Предложение except без имени исключения – это своего рода шаблонный символ, потому что оно перехватывает любые исключения, что позволяет вам создавать и универсальные, и специфичные обработчики по своему усмотрению.
Однако применение пустых предложений except влечет за собой определенные проблемы проектирования. Несмотря на удобство, они могут перехватывать нежелательные системные исключения, не связанные с работой вашего программного кода, и по случайности прерывать распространение исключений, предназначенных для других обработчиков.
Например, даже выход из программы в языке Python возбуждает исключение, и поэтому было бы желательно, чтобы это исключение было пропущено. Кроме того, такая конструкция будет перехватывать исключения, вызванные обычными ошибками программирования, которые вам наверняка хотелось бы обнаружить. Мы вернемся к этой проблеме в конце этой части книги. А пока я скажу лишь, что предложение except требует внимательного отношения.
In []:
In [40]:
dir(Exception)
Out[40]:
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setstate__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__unicode__', 'args', 'message']
В Python 3.0 все знакомые исключения, с которыми нам уже приходилось встречаться (например, SyntaxError), в действительности являются обычными классами, доступными в виде встроенных имен в модуле builtins (в Python 2.6 этот модуль называется builtin) и в виде атрибутов модуля exceptions, входящего в состав стандартной библиотеки.
In [42]:
dir(Exception.__getattribute__)
Out[42]:
['__call__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__name__', '__new__', '__objclass__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']
In [41]:
dir(__builtins__)
Out[41]:
['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError', '__IPYTHON__', '__IPYTHON__active', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__name__', '__package__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin', 'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'dreload', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'file', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'get_ipython', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce', 'reload', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'unichr', 'unicode', 'vars', 'xrange', 'zip']
Следует также заметить, что структуру дерева классов можно посмотреть в тексте справки для модуля exceptions только в Python 2.6 (этот модуль был исключен из Python 3.0)
In [44]:
import exceptions
help(exceptions)
Help on built-in module exceptions:
NAME
exceptions - Python's standard exception class hierarchy.
FILE
(built-in)
MODULE DOCS
http://docs.python.org/library/exceptions
DESCRIPTION
Exceptions found here are defined both in the exceptions module and the
built-in namespace. It is recommended that user-defined exceptions
inherit from Exception. See the documentation for the exception
inheritance hierarchy.
CLASSES
__builtin__.object
BaseException
Exception
StandardError
ArithmeticError
FloatingPointError
OverflowError
ZeroDivisionError
AssertionError
AttributeError
BufferError
EOFError
EnvironmentError
IOError
OSError
WindowsError
ImportError
LookupError
IndexError
KeyError
MemoryError
NameError
UnboundLocalError
ReferenceError
RuntimeError
NotImplementedError
SyntaxError
IndentationError
TabError
SystemError
TypeError
ValueError
UnicodeError
UnicodeDecodeError
UnicodeEncodeError
UnicodeTranslateError
StopIteration
Warning
BytesWarning
DeprecationWarning
FutureWarning
ImportWarning
PendingDeprecationWarning
RuntimeWarning
SyntaxWarning
UnicodeWarning
UserWarning
GeneratorExit
KeyboardInterrupt
SystemExit
class ArithmeticError(StandardError)
| Base class for arithmetic errors.
|
| Method resolution order:
| ArithmeticError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class AssertionError(StandardError)
| Assertion failed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| AssertionError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class AttributeError(StandardError)
| Attribute not found.
|
| Method resolution order:
| AttributeError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class BaseException(__builtin__.object)
| Common base class for all exceptions
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
class BufferError(StandardError)
| Buffer error.
|
| Method resolution order:
| BufferError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class BytesWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about bytes and buffer related problems, mostly
| related to conversion from str or comparing to str.
|
| Method resolution order:
| BytesWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class DeprecationWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about deprecated features.
|
| Method resolution order:
| DeprecationWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class EOFError(StandardError)
| Read beyond end of file.
|
| Method resolution order:
| EOFError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class EnvironmentError(StandardError)
| Base class for I/O related errors.
|
| Method resolution order:
| EnvironmentError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| errno
| exception errno
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| strerror
| exception strerror
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class Exception(BaseException)
| Common base class for all non-exit exceptions.
|
| Method resolution order:
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class FloatingPointError(ArithmeticError)
| Floating point operation failed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| FloatingPointError
| ArithmeticError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class FutureWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about constructs that will change semantically
| in the future.
|
| Method resolution order:
| FutureWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class GeneratorExit(BaseException)
| Request that a generator exit.
|
| Method resolution order:
| GeneratorExit
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class IOError(EnvironmentError)
| I/O operation failed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| IOError
| EnvironmentError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from EnvironmentError:
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from EnvironmentError:
|
| errno
| exception errno
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| strerror
| exception strerror
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class ImportError(StandardError)
| Import can't find module, or can't find name in module.
|
| Method resolution order:
| ImportError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class ImportWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about probable mistakes in module imports
|
| Method resolution order:
| ImportWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class IndentationError(SyntaxError)
| Improper indentation.
|
| Method resolution order:
| IndentationError
| SyntaxError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from SyntaxError:
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from SyntaxError:
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| lineno
| exception lineno
|
| msg
| exception msg
|
| offset
| exception offset
|
| print_file_and_line
| exception print_file_and_line
|
| text
| exception text
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class IndexError(LookupError)
| Sequence index out of range.
|
| Method resolution order:
| IndexError
| LookupError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class KeyError(LookupError)
| Mapping key not found.
|
| Method resolution order:
| KeyError
| LookupError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class KeyboardInterrupt(BaseException)
| Program interrupted by user.
|
| Method resolution order:
| KeyboardInterrupt
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class LookupError(StandardError)
| Base class for lookup errors.
|
| Method resolution order:
| LookupError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class MemoryError(StandardError)
| Out of memory.
|
| Method resolution order:
| MemoryError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class NameError(StandardError)
| Name not found globally.
|
| Method resolution order:
| NameError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class NotImplementedError(RuntimeError)
| Method or function hasn't been implemented yet.
|
| Method resolution order:
| NotImplementedError
| RuntimeError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class OSError(EnvironmentError)
| OS system call failed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| OSError
| EnvironmentError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from EnvironmentError:
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from EnvironmentError:
|
| errno
| exception errno
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| strerror
| exception strerror
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class OverflowError(ArithmeticError)
| Result too large to be represented.
|
| Method resolution order:
| OverflowError
| ArithmeticError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class PendingDeprecationWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about features which will be deprecated
| in the future.
|
| Method resolution order:
| PendingDeprecationWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class ReferenceError(StandardError)
| Weak ref proxy used after referent went away.
|
| Method resolution order:
| ReferenceError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class RuntimeError(StandardError)
| Unspecified run-time error.
|
| Method resolution order:
| RuntimeError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class RuntimeWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about dubious runtime behavior.
|
| Method resolution order:
| RuntimeWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class StandardError(Exception)
| Base class for all standard Python exceptions that do not represent
| interpreter exiting.
|
| Method resolution order:
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class StopIteration(Exception)
| Signal the end from iterator.next().
|
| Method resolution order:
| StopIteration
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class SyntaxError(StandardError)
| Invalid syntax.
|
| Method resolution order:
| SyntaxError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| lineno
| exception lineno
|
| msg
| exception msg
|
| offset
| exception offset
|
| print_file_and_line
| exception print_file_and_line
|
| text
| exception text
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class SyntaxWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about dubious syntax.
|
| Method resolution order:
| SyntaxWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class SystemError(StandardError)
| Internal error in the Python interpreter.
|
| Please report this to the Python maintainer, along with the traceback,
| the Python version, and the hardware/OS platform and version.
|
| Method resolution order:
| SystemError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class SystemExit(BaseException)
| Request to exit from the interpreter.
|
| Method resolution order:
| SystemExit
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| code
| exception code
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class TabError(IndentationError)
| Improper mixture of spaces and tabs.
|
| Method resolution order:
| TabError
| IndentationError
| SyntaxError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from SyntaxError:
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from SyntaxError:
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| lineno
| exception lineno
|
| msg
| exception msg
|
| offset
| exception offset
|
| print_file_and_line
| exception print_file_and_line
|
| text
| exception text
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class TypeError(StandardError)
| Inappropriate argument type.
|
| Method resolution order:
| TypeError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UnboundLocalError(NameError)
| Local name referenced but not bound to a value.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UnboundLocalError
| NameError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UnicodeDecodeError(UnicodeError)
| Unicode decoding error.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UnicodeDecodeError
| UnicodeError
| ValueError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| encoding
| exception encoding
|
| end
| exception end
|
| object
| exception object
|
| reason
| exception reason
|
| start
| exception start
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UnicodeEncodeError(UnicodeError)
| Unicode encoding error.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UnicodeEncodeError
| UnicodeError
| ValueError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| encoding
| exception encoding
|
| end
| exception end
|
| object
| exception object
|
| reason
| exception reason
|
| start
| exception start
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UnicodeError(ValueError)
| Unicode related error.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UnicodeError
| ValueError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UnicodeTranslateError(UnicodeError)
| Unicode translation error.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UnicodeTranslateError
| UnicodeError
| ValueError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| encoding
| exception encoding
|
| end
| exception end
|
| object
| exception object
|
| reason
| exception reason
|
| start
| exception start
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UnicodeWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings about Unicode related problems, mostly
| related to conversion problems.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UnicodeWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class UserWarning(Warning)
| Base class for warnings generated by user code.
|
| Method resolution order:
| UserWarning
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class ValueError(StandardError)
| Inappropriate argument value (of correct type).
|
| Method resolution order:
| ValueError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class Warning(Exception)
| Base class for warning categories.
|
| Method resolution order:
| Warning
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class WindowsError(OSError)
| MS-Windows OS system call failed.
|
| Method resolution order:
| WindowsError
| OSError
| EnvironmentError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| errno
| POSIX exception code
|
| filename
| exception filename
|
| strerror
| exception strerror
|
| winerror
| Win32 exception code
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from EnvironmentError:
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
class ZeroDivisionError(ArithmeticError)
| Second argument to a division or modulo operation was zero.
|
| Method resolution order:
| ZeroDivisionError
| ArithmeticError
| StandardError
| Exception
| BaseException
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(...)
| x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from BaseException:
|
| __delattr__(...)
| x.__delattr__('name') <==> del x.name
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __getslice__(...)
| x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
|
| Use of negative indices is not supported.
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __setattr__(...)
| x.__setattr__('name', value) <==> x.name = value
|
| __setstate__(...)
|
| __str__(...)
| x.__str__() <==> str(x)
|
| __unicode__(...)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:
|
| __dict__
|
| args
|
| message
Посты чуть ниже также могут вас заинтересовать
искал как отловить исключение StandardError в Python, если что нашел тут
ОтветитьУдалитьhttps://pythononline.ru/question/kak-otlovit-isklyuchenie-standarderror-v-python