1.1 Reading data from a csv file (Пример с велосипедистами в Монреале)

Это копипаст из pandas-cookbook, поскольку мне категорически не понравилось форматирование на nbViewer.
You can read data from a CSV file using the read_csv function. By default, it assumes that the fields are comma-separated.
We're going to be looking some cyclist data from Montréal. Here's the original page (in French), but it's already included in this repository.
We're using the data from 2012. This dataset is a list of how many people were on 7 different bike paths in Montreal, each day.

In [3]:

# Render our plots inline
%matplotlib inline

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

pd.set_option('display.mpl_style', 'default') # Make the graphs a bit prettier
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15, 5)

In [4]:

broken_df = pd.read_csv('../data/bikes.csv')

In [5]:

# Look at the first 3 rows
broken_df[:3]

Out[5]:

	Date;Berri 1;Br�beuf (donn�es non disponibles);C�te-Sainte-Catherine;Maisonneuve 1;Maisonneuve 2;du Parc;Pierre-Dupuy;Rachel1;St-Urbain (donn�es non disponibles)
0	01/01/2012;35;;0;38;51;26;10;16;
1	02/01/2012;83;;1;68;153;53;6;43;
2	03/01/2012;135;;2;104;248;89;3;58;

3 rows × 1 columns

You'll notice that this is totally broken! read_csv has a bunch of options that will let us fix that, though. Here we'll

• change the column separator to a ;
• Set the encoding to 'latin1' (the default is 'utf8')
• Parse the dates in the 'Date' column
• Tell it that our dates have the day first instead of the month first
• Set the index to be the 'Date' column

In [6]:

fixed_df = pd.read_csv('../data/bikes.csv', sep=';', encoding='latin1', parse_dates=['Date'], dayfirst=True, index_col='Date')
fixed_df[:3]

Out[6]:

	Berri 1	Brébeuf (données non disponibles)	Côte-Sainte-Catherine	Maisonneuve 1	Maisonneuve 2	du Parc	Pierre-Dupuy	Rachel1	St-Urbain (données non disponibles)
Date
2012-01-01	35	NaN	0	38	51	26	10	16	NaN
2012-01-02	83	NaN	1	68	153	53	6	43	NaN
2012-01-03	135	NaN	2	104	248	89	3	58	NaN

3 rows × 9 columns

1.2 Selecting a column¶

When you read a CSV, you get a kind of object called a DataFrame, which is made up of rows and columns. You get columns out of a DataFrame the same way you get elements out of a dictionary.

Here's an example:

In [7]:

fixed_df['Berri 1']

Out[7]:

Date
2012-01-01     35
2012-01-02     83
2012-01-03    135
2012-01-04    144
2012-01-05    197
2012-01-06    146
2012-01-07     98
2012-01-08     95
2012-01-09    244
2012-01-10    397
2012-01-11    273
2012-01-12    157
2012-01-13     75
2012-01-14     32
2012-01-15     54
...
2012-10-22    3650
2012-10-23    4177
2012-10-24    3744
2012-10-25    3735
2012-10-26    4290
2012-10-27    1857
2012-10-28    1310
2012-10-29    2919
2012-10-30    2887
2012-10-31    2634
2012-11-01    2405
2012-11-02    1582
2012-11-03     844
2012-11-04     966
2012-11-05    2247
Name: Berri 1, Length: 310

1.3 Plotting a column¶

Just add .plot() to the end! How could it be easier? =)

We can see that, unsurprisingly, not many people are biking in January, February, and March,

In [8]:

fixed_df['Berri 1'].plot()

Out[8]:

<matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot at 0x10a2bd1d0>

We can also plot all the columns just as easily. We'll make it a little bigger, too. You can see that it's more squished together, but all the bike paths behave basically the same -- if it's a bad day for cyclists, it's a bad day everywhere.

In [9]:

fixed_df.plot(figsize=(15, 10))

Out[9]:

<matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot at 0x10a34ad90>

1.4 Putting all that together¶

Here's the code we needed to write do draw that graph, all together:

In [10]:

df = pd.read_csv('../data/bikes.csv', sep=';', encoding='latin1', parse_dates=['Date'], dayfirst=True, index_col='Date')
df['Berri 1'].plot()

Out[10]:

<matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot at 0x10aef19d0>

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