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вторник, 27 мая 2014 г.

Пример подключения proxy с urllib.urlopen выдал ошибку 403, пришлось задавать HTTP-заголовки с urllib2

Решил пробовать здесь код из видеоролика с urllib.urlopen('http://www.whatismyip.com/',proxies=proxy2) но получил в ответ ошибку 403, посмотрел еще 3 видео про urllib, пришел к выводу, что лучше использовать urlib2 - скопировал пример кода и загрузил страницу (но без прокси). В следующем посте продолжу экспериментировать с urllib2.headers.headers ... proxy и посмотрю видео
Здесь несколько строк: создаем словарь с адресом бесплатного прокси. Потом скачиваем страницу, сохраняем ее на диск. Вот только я запрашиваемую страницу не получил, а вместо нее загрузилась страница ошибки 403.
Поиски причин ошибки навели на размышления о том, что:
1. В документации есть предупреждения о том, что urllib устарела, а объектная модель urllib2 тоже изменене в Python 3
2. Так что, не стоит тратить много времени на раешение проблем с доступом, ...обработку подобных ошибок, они, скорее всего давно решены в библиотеках типа Scrapy.
3. Надо подобрать инструмент для мониторинга HTTP заголовков. В Kali для этого есть уйма перехватывающих прокси, а вот что использовать в Windows?

Повтряем код из первого видеоролика

In [1]: 
import urllib
Берем адрес прокси отсюда http://hidemyass.com/proxy-list/ и формируем строчку в словаре:
In [9]: 
proxy={'http':'http://177.124.89.82:3128'}
In [10]: 
urllib.urlopen('http://www.myip.net/',proxies=proxy)
Out[10]:
<addinfourl at 85233928L whose fp = <socket._fileobject object at 0x000000000513F048>>
Здесь можно прочитать подробности help urllib.urlopen. Некстати, есть команда прямого копирования url в файл..., и совсем некстати, есть рассуждения и системных подключениях прокси...
In [12]: 
f=Out[10]
In [16]: 
contents=f.read()
In [33]: 
f.headers.getheaders.
Out[33]:
<bound method HTTPMessage.getheaders of <httplib.HTTPMessage instance at 0x0000000005149148>>
In [19]: 
contents
Out[19]:
''
In []: 
open('document.html','w').write(contents)
In [18]: 
open('document2.html','w').write(contents)
In [23]: 
proxy2={'http':'http://94.228.205.33:8080'}
f2=urllib.urlopen('http://www.whatismyip.com/',proxies=proxy2)
In [24]: 
contents2=f2.read()
contents2
Out[24]:
'<html>\n<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>\n<body bgcolor="white">\n<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>\n<hr><center>nginx</center>\n</body>\n</html>\n'

Проверяем с другими прокси-серверами и получаем тот же ответ

In [25]: 
proxy2={'http':'http://195.191.78.193:8080'}
f2=urllib.urlopen('http://www.whatismyip.com/',proxies=proxy2)
contents2=f2.read()
contents2
Out[25]:
'<html>\n<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>\n<body bgcolor="white">\n<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>\n<hr><center>nginx</center>\n</body>\n</html>\n'
In [26]: 
open('document2.html','w').write(contents2)
In [29]: 
proxy2={'http':'http://113.28.244.195:3128'}
f2=urllib.urlopen('http://www.whatismyip.com/',proxies=proxy2)
contents2=f2.read()
contents2
Out[29]:
'<html>\n<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>\n<body bgcolor="white">\n<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>\n<hr><center>nginx</center>\n</body>\n</html>\n'

Если убрать прокси, то то выскочит такая же ошибка.

In [31]: 
f2=urllib.urlopen('http://www.whatismyip.com/')
contents2=f2.read()
contents2
Out[31]:
'<html>\n<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>\n<body bgcolor="white">\n<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>\n<hr><center>nginx</center>\n</body>\n</html>\n'
И тут выясняется, что дело в том, что заголовки HTTP запросов блокируются... Как ими вообще управлять? Оказывается, что нужна другая библиотека.

Почему выдается 403 ошибка?

Дело, по-видимому в том, что нужны соответствующие заголовки. Вот здесь есть рецепты urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
Там же можно прочитать:
It's true that some sites (including Wikipedia) block on common non-browser user agents strings, like the "Python-urllib/x.y" sent by Python's libraries. Even a plain "Mozilla" or "Opera" is usually enough to bypass that. This doesn't apply to the original question, of course, but it's still useful to know.
In [34]: 
import urllib2,cookielib

site= "http://www.whatismyip.com/"
hdr = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11',
       'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
       'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3',
       'Accept-Encoding': 'none',
       'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8',
       'Connection': 'keep-alive'}

req = urllib2.Request(site, headers=hdr)

try:
    page = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
    print e.fp.read()

content = page.read()
print content

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>What Is My IP - The IP Address Experts Since 1999</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
try{if (!window.CloudFlare) {var CloudFlare=[{verbose:0,p:0,byc:0,owlid:"cf",bag2:1,mirage2:{profile:false},oracle:0,paths:{cloudflare:"/cdn-cgi/nexp/dok9v=e9cb4febb4/"},atok:"28228a290d71389e6953fc8d2803d4c7",petok:"f3ddecd313a4aec97a464782796bc373841e704e-1401024531-1800",zone:"whatismyip.com",rocket:"a",apps:0}];document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/nexp/dok9v=97fb4d042e/cloudflare.min.js"><'+'\/script>');}}catch(e){};
//]]>
</script>
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/es/"/>
 
<meta name="robots" content="noodp"/>
<meta name="description" content="Lookup, Trace, Locate, Change, Hide ANY IP Address"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="ip, what is my ip, my ip, my ip address, ip address"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/"/>
<link rel="publisher" href="https://plus.google.com/+whatismyip/posts"/>
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/>
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@whatismyip"/>
<meta name="twitter:domain" content="What Is My IP ®"/>
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@whatismyip"/>
 
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//connect.facebook.net">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="What Is My IP ® &raquo; Feed" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/feed/"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="What Is My IP ® &raquo; Comments Feed" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/comments/feed/"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="What Is My IP ® &raquo; Home Comments Feed" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/home/feed/"/>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='eleven40-pro-theme-css' href='http://www.whatismyip.com/wp-content/themes/eleven40-pro/style.css' type='text/css' media='all'/>
<script type='text/rocketscript' data-rocketsrc='http://www.whatismyip.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js'></script>
<script type='text/rocketscript' data-rocketsrc='http://www.whatismyip.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js'></script>
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/>
<link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="http://www.whatismyip.com/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"/>
<link rel='shortlink' href='http://www.whatismyip.com/'/>
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<div class="center-ip"><div class="ip">Your IP:</div><div class="the-ip"><span id="g544774">&#51;</span><span id="e550877">&#55;</span><span id="a484147">&#46;</span><span id="b527239">&#49;</span><span id="f514529">&#57;</span><span id="f445929">&#48;</span><label id="d147417">&#46;</label><span id="c579921">&#53;</span><span id="a819192">&#55;</span><span id="e563213">&#46;</span><span id="b545150">&#53;</span></div>
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<div class="city">City:</div><div class="the-city">druzhba</div>
<div class="state">State/Region:</div> <div class="the-state">moskva</div>
<div class="country">Country:</div><div class="the-country">ru - <img style="display:none;visibility:hidden;" data-cfsrc="../images/flags/ru.png" height="2" width="16" alt="ru flag"/><noscript><img src="../images/flags/ru.png" height="2" width="16" alt="ru flag"/></noscript></div>
<div class="isp">ISP:</div><div class="the-isp">ojs moscow city telephone network</div>
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</div><main class="content" role="main" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"><article class="post-68 page type-page status-publish entry genesis-feature genesis-feature-1 genesis-feature-odd" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><header class="entry-header"></header><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"><h1>What Is My IP?</h1>
<p>This website is dedicated to helping users across the world not only locate their IP address, but perform an <a title="IP Address Lookup" href="/ip-address-lookup/?iref=c1">IP address lookup</a>, learn how to trace email, and learn how to change IP address. Learning your own IP address is crucial for online gaming, tech support, using remote desktop connections, detecting proxies or even running an email server. We also host a <a title="Whatismyip Forum" href="http://forum.whatismyip.com/?iref=hpc">forum</a> for our users to learn and help others with IP related questions.</p>
<p><a class="home_links" title="What Is An IP Address?" href="/what-is-an-ip-address/?iref=c1">What Is An IP Address?</a><br />
An IP address is an exclusive number online devices use to identify and communicate with each other through computer networks. This process can best be compared to how we receive mail to our home address. An IP address would be most similar to a mailing address, while the network would be compared to the town you live in. Just like our home addresses, information cannot be sent or received by devices without a specific address.</p>
<p><a class="home_links" title="Internet Speed Test" href="/internet-speed-test/?iref=c1">Internet Speed Test</a><br />
An internet speed test will show you the results of the fastest upload and download burst rates during your internet speed test from your location to the location of the test server you choose. TCP/IP degrades over distance so choose the server closest to you when performing the internet speed test.</p>
<p><a class="home_links" title="IP Address Lookup" href="/ip-address-lookup/?iref=c2">IP Address Lookup</a><br />
The IP Address Lookup tool also referred to as IP Lookup, Lookup IP, Lookup IP Address, IP Address Location, IP Location, and IP Locator is designed to give you an idea of where your IP Address or the IP Address you lookup is located.</p>

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</html>
In [35]: 
page.headers.headers
Out[35]:
['Server: cloudflare-nginx\r\n',
 'Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 13:28:51 GMT\r\n',
 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n',
 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n',
 'Connection: close\r\n',
 'Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d228513c3d7b8470da03d3e084cb7f4141401024531579; expires=Mon, 23-Dec-2019 23:50:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.whatismyip.com; HttpOnly\r\n',
 'X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.3\r\n',
 'X-CF-Powered-By: WP 1.3.14\r\n',
 'Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT\r\n',
 'Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0\r\n',
 'Pragma: no-cache\r\n',
 'Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=ut142lpvl8d761cboi2kfbgil3; path=/\r\n',
 'X-Pingback: http://www.whatismyip.com/xmlrpc.php\r\n',
 'Link: <http://www.whatismyip.com/>; rel=shortlink\r\n',
 'Set-Cookie: home=0; expires=Sun, 25-May-2014 14:28:05 GMT\r\n',
 'Vary: Accept-Encoding\r\n',
 'CF-RAY: 1302141a57910c11-AMS\r\n']
Итак, мы получили все, что хотели. Но получается все очень громоздко. Нужен "дежурный" код для того, чтобы соединятся с сайтами "по быстрому". И нужны еще средства для просмотра "переговоров" серверов.
Конечно, универсальные средства - это сниффер (Wireshark...), Scrapy telnet...
Но хочется чего-нибудь полегче... Чтобы было встроено в Python... или что-то вроде mechanaze...
Пока не знаю, что хочу..., но скоро сформулирую...


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